QUAY WALLS
Quay walls are earth-retaining structures at which ships can berth. They are usually equipped with bollards to provide moorings for ships and fendering to absorb the impacts of the vessels. Quay walls are used for the transhipment of goods by cranes or heavy equipment that move alongside the ship. The superstructure is robustly constructed and the quay is usually equipped with rails for cranes and with channels for the cables that supply power to the cranes. The foundation must provide the necessary stability. The entire structure must be able to satisfy numerous requirements imposed by soil conditions, water levels, and the size of ships and loads, supplemented by the specific demands placed upon it by the users, operators, Port Authorities, harbor master, linesman, pilot service and the asset managers of the quay.
From the earliest days, quay walls have played an essential role in the transhipment of f eight. Owing to the increase in transport over water, the role of quay walls in determining the future design of ports will continue to increase. The design and construction of quays is no simple matter. The users and management of the quay also set their own demands.
The knowledge relating to the building of quay walls largely derives from the experience of people, who in their search for solutions to the soil mechanical problems and optimization of design and execution, are confronted by a large number of new problems. On the basis of this experience, they developed a feeling for the possibilities and impossibilities and generated many creative solutions for the problems that confronted them. It is important
that this knowledge is not lost, but is passed on to a new generation of quay designers.
This book covers not only the knowledge and experience of building quay walls that has been acquired during a long period of trial and error, especially in the port of Rotterdam, but also includes more generally valid solutions. To this end, in order to obtain more generic approaches the practical experience is subjected to more detailed analysis and is evaluated.However, with time it again appears that each project is unique and this means that truly standard solutions are difficult to find. One special issue is the way in which the quay wall, uperstructure, foundation and anchoring interact and influence each other. Attention is also devoted to developments relating to the probabilistic design approach and Eurocode 7.
The book is primarily intended to be a book for engineers, contractors, owners, and operators, in short for all who are involved in the processes, from initiative and feasibility studies up to and including the design, construction and service phase of a quay wall. In this way the authors expect to contribute to the solution of the specific issues that arise during the design and construction of quay walls. This book can also be used in educational programmes at technical and university levels or serve as a basis for further scientificresearch.
Neither related structures such as jetties, fendering and dolphins, nor the general methods used in the calculation of sheet piling and foundation elements are considered in this book.
For these, reference is made to the available literature. Subjects relating to the environment, sustainable building and recycling of materials are only mentioned in those cases in which they have a direct bearing on the design.
1.2 Objective of this book
The aim of this book is to record, analyze and evaluate the available knowledge and specific experience that can play a part in the development of solutions. This will facilitate access to international knowledge and experience and to the specific expertise of Rotterdam and will pass this on to new generations. Moreover, the enthusiasm and feeling of designers,managers and students for the profession will be kindled. This will stimulate the readersto optimize design, execution and management of quays and to build on and develop their knowledge. The expert recorded in this book provides a reference document for the transfer of knowledge and for the continuing growth of knowledge.
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