Engineering Fundamentals  of the  Internal Combustion Engine

The internal combustion engine (Ie) is a heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy, usually made available on a rotating output shaft.

Chemical energy of the fuel is first converted to thermal energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air inside the engine. This thermal energy raises the temperature and pressure of the gases within the engine, and the high-pressure gas then expands against the mechanical mechanisms of the engine. This expansion is

converted by the mechanical linkages of the engine to a rotating crankshaft, which is the output of the engine.

 The crankshaft, in turn, is connected to a transmission and/or power train to transmit the rotating mechanical energy to the desired final use. For engines this will often be the propulsion of a vehicle (i.e., automobile, truck, locomotive, marine vessel, or airplane). Other applications include stationary engines to drive generators or pumps, and portable engines for things like chain saws and lawn mowers.

Most internal combustion engines are reciprocating engines having pistons that reciprocate back and forth in cylinders internally within the engine. This book concentrates on the thermodynamic study of this type of engine. Other types of IC engines also exist in much fewer numbers, one important one being the rotary engine

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