SURVEYING and TRANSPORTATION ENGINTE E RIIdG
Topographic surveys are made for locating ofiects and measuring the relief, roughness, or tfuee-dimensional variations of the earthjs su{ace. Detailed information is obtained pertaining to-elevations as well as to the locations of constructed and natural feature-s (buildings, roads, streams, etc:) and the entire information is plotted o"';"pr-6;ifea-topggruptic maps).
3. ROUTE SURVEYS
. Route surveys involve the determination of the rerief and the location of natural and artificial objects along a proposed route for aTSI*"yl railroad, canal, pipeline, power line, or othei utility. They may further involve the locafion or staking out of the fa-cility ,"a tn" calculation of earthwork quantities.
4. CITY OR MUNICIPAT SURVEYS .
ciry ormunicipal survey are made within a given mulicipality for the purpose of laying out streets, planning sewei syste-ms, preparing maps, and s-o on. IA/hen the term is used, it usual$ brings to- minl topographic surveys in or near a crty for the purpos" lf ph"I.rirrg urban expansions or improvements.
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