Water Supply and Pollution Control
The human search for pure water supplies must have begun in prehistoric times. Much of that earliest activity is subject to speculation. Some individuals may have conveyed water through trenches dug in the earth. They may have used a hollow log as the first water pipe. Thousands of years probably passed before our more recent ancestors learned to build cities and enjoy the convenience of water piped into houses and wastes carried away by water.
Our earliest archeological records of central water supply and wastewater disposal date back about 5000 years, to the city of Nippur, in Sumeria. In the ruins of Nippur there is an arched drain, each stone being a wedge tapering downward into place [1].Water was drawn from wells and cisterns.An extensive system of drainage conveyed the wastes from the palaces and residential districts of the city.
The earliest recorded knowledge of water treatment is in Sanskrit medical lore and Egyptian wall inscriptions [2]. Sanskrit writings dating to about 2000 B.C. tell how to purify foul water by boiling it in copper vessels, exposing it to sunlight, filtering it through charcoal, and cooling it in an earthen vessel.
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