Efficient and Suitable Construction
Materials capable of absorbing or releasing large amounts of energy, at certain periods of time and under specific operating conditions are called Phase Change Materials (PCMs). These materials are capable of storing 5–14 times more energy per unit of
volume than materials that store energy via sensitive heat, such as water, concrete or rocks, and present specific phase-changing temperatures that tend to remain constant during the Transformation of matter (Sharma and Chen 2009).
Depending on the type of PCM, the energy storage process can be described by a transition between the solid–solid phases (changes in the crystalline structure of a material, which characterizes the storage or release of energy), solid–liquid, liquid–gas, or solid–gas.
However, liquid–gas and solid–gas transformations are not applied to building materials due to their high volume and pressure variations during phase change processes. Solid–solid transformations are limited due to the difficulty of mixing with other building materials, such as cement and gypsum. Therefore, solid liquid processing PCMs are most used in latent thermal storage systems (Su et al.2015).
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