AASHTO GSID 4_2014 Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation
These guidelines incorporate the generic requirements for seismic isolation design. Isolating structures from the damaging effects of earthquakes is not a new idea. The first patents for base isolation schemes were obtained nearly 130 yr ago but, until the past three decades, few structures were built using these ideas (Buckle and Mayes, 1990). Early concerns were focused on the displacements at the isolation interface.
These have been largely overcome with the successful development of mechanical energy dissipators. When used in combination with a flexible device such as an elastomeric bearing, an energy dissipator can control the response of an isolated structure by limiting both the displacements and the forces.
Interest in seismic isolation as an effective means of protecting bridges from earthquakes has therefore been revived in recent years. To date there are several hundred bridges in New Zealand, Japan, Italy, and the United States using seismic isolation principles and technology for their seismic design
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